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The Award Beyond: Challenging an arbitral award under section 34
Nila Infra lost an arbitration with its subcontractor. The sole arbitrator awarded ₹1.9 crore, including ₹42 lakh for “loss of reputation”, which the subcontractor never claimed. Nila wants to challenge the award.
Client: Nila Infra Pvt Ltd (respondent in arbitration) · As on: 20 Jan 2026
What you will learn
Governing law
- Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 — Grounds and time limits for challenging awards.
Key provisions
- s.34(2)(a)(iv): Award dealing with a dispute not within the submission
- s.34(3): Three months from receipt of the award, plus up to 30 days for sufficient cause
- s.36(2): Separate application needed to stay enforcement
The six rooms
- The Mystery — sort 7 statements into facts that matter and distractions, then name the legal issue.
- The Evidence Vault — match 5 items of evidence to the facts and build a verified chronology.
- The Statute Library — choose the governing Act from 5 and the sections that decide the case.
- Decode the Section — sort clauses of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, ss.34 and 36 and apply them to the facts.
- The Decision Chamber — pick the right next step and justify it.
- The Final Submission — complete the evidence checklist, deadlines and open questions.
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Fictional learning scenario. Names, facts and dates are invented; statutory references are summarised and must be verified before use.