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The Bounced Promise: Cheque bounce under section 138 NI Act
A retailer, Murugan Stores, gave Vel Agencies a cheque for ₹4.5 lakh towards supplies. The cheque was returned unpaid, marked “Funds insufficient”. Vel wants to prosecute.
Client: Vel Agencies (payee) · As on: 15 Jan 2026
What you will learn
Governing law
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 — Cheque dishonour offences.
Key provisions
- s.138: Dishonour of cheque for insufficient funds
- s.139: Presumption in favour of the holder
- s.142: Cognizance; complaint within one month of cause of action
The six rooms
- The Mystery — sort 7 statements into facts that matter and distractions, then name the legal issue.
- The Evidence Vault — match 5 items of evidence to the facts and build a verified chronology.
- The Statute Library — choose the governing Act from 5 and the sections that decide the case.
- Decode the Section — sort clauses of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, s.138 and apply them to the facts.
- The Decision Chamber — pick the right next step and justify it.
- The Final Submission — complete the evidence checklist, deadlines and open questions.
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Fictional learning scenario. Names, facts and dates are invented; statutory references are summarised and must be verified before use.